!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> NewEnergyNews: AT THE CENTER OF THE BOOM IN WIND

NewEnergyNews

Gleanings from the web and the world, condensed for convenience, illustrated for enlightenment, arranged for impact...

WALL STREET JOURNAL'S Environmental Capital selected NewEnergyNews as one of the "Blogs We Are Reading" in March, April and May of 2007 and quoted NewEnergyNews on June 5, 2007

MOTHER EARTH NEWS' Energy Matters selected NewEnergyNews for its "What We're Reading" list in September 2008

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Anne B. Butterfield of DAILY CAMERA, a biweekly contributor to NewEnergyNews

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  • The big ka-ching in our health care wallet
  • Anne B. Butterfield
  • June 19, 2009 (NewEnergyNews)

    While Americans wonder with noisy drama what the Obama Administration will do to our current health care system, wouldn’t it be great if we could materially reduce the cost of health care in our country by tackling climate change?

    Virtually all of the power for our transportation and electric utilities comes from petroleum, coal, and natural gas, the combustion of which emits the toxins that are heavily involved in costly degenerative diseases such as cancer, heart disease, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), to name a few. Rural or urban, we are sitting in a faint bath of toxic chemicals that can exacerbate our symptoms or hasten acute suffering and death, and when that happens it is a big ka-ching in our health care wallet.

    The emissions and other by products of fossil fuel use are so ubiquitous, and often well hidden, that they slip from our awareness. Their presence and health effects have become “just the way life is.” Here are a few of our fossil fuel chemical friends:

    Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are precursors to smog, that brown smear of ozone and particulate matter that collects over cities under high air pressure conditions. Smog alerts are accompanied by higher than average hospital admissions and deaths.

    Particulate matter excerbates asthma, COPD, bronchitis, cardiac events as well as congestive heart failure. When smog mingles with very small particles (known as PM 2.5) the risk of mortality for men over 65 rises to 24 percent above average; for women of this age the death rate is 80 percent above average.

    Three hundred counties in the US are designated by the Environmental Protection Agency as clean air non-attainment areas, being perpetually outside of the recommended air quality standards. Pass the nebulizer!

    Coal fired power plants emit about a third of all human-caused release of mercury, a neurotoxin so widely spread that women and children are advised to limit their eating of fish. In Colorado one-fifth of waterways have mercury-based fishing advisories.

    Another health cost of using coal as heavily as we do is the ash waste. All over our country, ash waste is dumped in unlined pits in or near the water table. A 2007 report of the EPA found that poorly lined waste sites (60 percent of all) pose a cancer risk through ground water that is 900 times what is acceptable.

    Environmental groups have fought for national standards for the handling of coal ash waste, to keep state officials from competing in a “race to the bottom” for corporate clients’ sake. But rather than put coal waste under the EPA’s regulation, Obama’s Department of Homeland Security has just announced that the locations of 44 coal ash dumps cannot be disclosed; their toxicity and precarious engineering make them attractive terrorist targets. Meanwhile two senators are seeking support to make sure that coal ash waste is treated less rigorously than household trash.

    Ontario, Canada released a report finding that each kilowatt hour of coal-fired power creates 12.7 cents of health and environmental effects. The next time you get your electric bill, picture two-thirds of your kilowatt hours each causing 12 cents of medical and other costs. Utilities like to talk about delivering low-cost energy, but that sector’s emissions of known toxins, at 722 million pounds each year, dwarfs all other industrial competitors. A large part of our health care costs belong on our utility bill and other energy related costs.

    California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger put it best: “We pay for the fuel we burn but not for the pollution we emit. That pollution causes serious damage to our world, and in the long run, we all pay for it...Imagine if we decided to let everyone dump their garbage on their neighbors' lawns instead of being forced to pay for trash pickup. Sure, it would be cheaper, but it would be disastrous to public health.”

    The climate bill coming through Congress is guaranteed to be inadequate, so our path to the post-fossil fuel era will be long. We should keep up the support for local communities, like Coal River Valley in West Virginia, which is fighting to stop mountain top removal mining, and our own effort in Boulder to rapidly decarbonize our electric supply.

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    Anne's previous NewEnergyNews columns:

  • The big ka-ching in our health care wallet (June 19, 2009)
  • It takes a Governor (May 24, 2009)
  • Want a job? Think Wind. (May 10, 2009)
  • Just Say No to Xcess Energy (April 28, 2009)
  • NREL’s history of fickle funding (April 12, 2009)
  • Wagons firmly circled: Governance at REA’s and Tri-State (March 26, 2009)
  • A new migratory pattern: Colorado youth go to Washington (March 12, 2009)
  • Even coal is in for a revolution (February 22, 2009)
  • High Flyers and the Commons (February 11, 2009)
  • Come on Baby, Sit by Me (January 25, 2009)
  • A return on investment (January 3, 2009)
  • Mr. Secretary, we're watching you (December 28, 2008)
  • Canary in the Coal Mine (December 13, 2008)
  • Crash test dummies (November 16, 2008)
  • Needless markup (November 2, 2008)
  • The flap about 58 (October 19, 2008)
  • Hip towns and a clever measure (October 7, 2008)
  • Are we afraid of change? Still? (September 21, 2008)
  • Cheney in a chignon (September 7, 2008)
  • Don't tick off the blonde (August 10, 2008)
  • Buying us time on global warming (July 27, 2008)
  • Hint from Heloise - It's the pH, Stupid! (July 13, 2008)
  • Nukes: the position ridiculous and the expense damnable (June 29, 2008)

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    NOTEWORTHY IN THE MEDIA:

  • Young, Green Entrepreneurs Flock to Carbon Market, from NPR's Morning Edition: "...climate change and a billion-dollar carbon market that trades in carbon credits — as if they were pork bellies — have created a new career niche."

  • Ethical Markets TV: A remarkable TV series showcasing people who “…illustrate the triple bottom line, respecting people and the environment while earning a profit…” Part of Ethical Markets: “Your gateway to cleaner, greener 21st century economies.”

  • Energy Security and Global Warming, from Warren Olney's TO THE POINT at KCRW in Santa Monica: "US energy demands are rising as the price of oil goes through the roof...Canadian tar sands and domestic coal would provide energy security, but at the risk of increased global warming. Can renewables be developed in time?"

  • Designer Biofuels, from KQED Radio in San Francisco: "...making a gasoline alternative to run our cars has great promise but there are huge problems...The next answer [may come]...from a UC Berkeley lab, a Silicon Valley start up or...the jungles of Costa Rica."

  • HELEN’S WAR: Portrait of a Dissident, showing periodically on the Sundance Channel (click title for listings), profiles the medical doctor turned anti-nuclear activist as she continues her nearly 4-decade-old campaign to educate the public on the serious drawbacks to the development of nuclear energy.

  • A CRUDE AWAKENING: The Oil Crash, showing periodically on the Sundance Channel (click title for listings), studies the implications of world dependence on oil and declining availability of it.

  • Lee Iococa predicts the Plug-In Hybrid will be the next big thing in cars NPR’s Morning Edition: Thursday, April 26, 2007.

  • Robert Redford Presents "the GREEN": A weekly block of New Energy and Environmentally-Friendly programming. Check local listings.

  • John Rabe's OFFRAMP, Saturdays at noon (and podcasts) via NPR-affiliate KPCC-FM. A radio magazine show about Los Angeles, sometimes covering energy issues but frequently featuring John telling anybody he can about his vegetable oil-burning, converted Mercedes.

  • NOW: PBS's David Brancaccio talks with Laurie David, a producer of the Oscar-nominated documentary "An Inconvenient Truth" and a major environmental activist.
    • Stream it at your convenience here.

  • Living with Ed, an HGTV tons-of-fun reality/comedy show about the trials, tribulations, hilarity and rewards in the marriage of environmentalist Ed Begley, Jr., and his appearance-oriented actress-wife Rachelle Carson. Click here for listings

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  • My Novels: OIL IN THEIR BLOOD, The American Decades & OIL IN THEIR BLOOD, The Story of Our Addiction
  • Review of OIL IN THEIR BLOOD, The American Decades by Mark S. Friedman
  • OIL IN THEIR BLOOD, The American Decades, the second volume of Herman K. Trabish’s retelling of oil’s history in fiction, picks up where the first book in the series, OIL IN THEIR BLOOD, The Story of Our Addiction, left off. The new book is an engrossing, informative and entertaining tale of the Roaring 20s, World War II and the Cold War. You don’t have to know anything about the first historical fiction’s adventures set between the Civil War, when oil became a major commodity, and World War I, when it became a vital commodity, to enjoy this new chronicle of the U.S. emergence as a world superpower and a world oil power.
  • As the new book opens, Lefash, a minor character in the first book, witnesses the role Big Oil played in designing the post-Great War world at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. Unjustly implicated in a murder perpetrated by Big Oil agents, LeFash takes the name Livingstone and flees to the U.S. to clear himself. Livingstone’s quest leads him through Babe Ruth’s New York City and Al Capone’s Chicago into oil boom Oklahoma. Stymied by oil and circumstance, Livingstone marries, has a son and eventually, surprisingly, resolves his grievances with the murderer and with oil.
  • In the new novel’s second episode the oil-and-auto-industry dynasty from the first book re-emerges in the charismatic person of Victoria Wade Bridger, “the woman everybody loved.” Victoria meets Saudi dynasty founder Ibn Saud, spies for the State Department in the Vichy embassy in Washington, D.C., and – for profound and moving personal reasons – accepts a mission into the heart of Nazi-occupied Eastern Europe. Underlying all Victoria’s travels is the struggle between the allies and axis for control of the crucial oil resources that drove World War II.
  • As the Cold War begins, the novel’s third episode recounts the historic 1951 moment when Britain’s MI-6 handed off its operations in Iran to the CIA, marking the end to Britain’s dark manipulations and the beginning of the same work by the CIA. But in Trabish’s telling, the covert overthrow of Mossadeq in favor of the ill-fated Shah becomes a compelling romance and a melodramatic homage to the iconic “Casablanca” of Bogart and Bergman.
  • Monty Livingstone, veteran of an oil field youth, European WWII combat and a star-crossed post-war Berlin affair with a Russian female soldier, comes to 1951 Iran working for a U.S. oil company. He re-encounters his lost Russian love, now a Soviet agent helping prop up Mossadeq and extend Mother Russia’s Iranian oil ambitions. The reunited lovers are caught in a web of political, religious and Cold War forces until oil and power merge to restore the Shah to his future fate. The romance ends satisfyingly, America and the Soviet Union are the only forces left on the world stage and ambiguity is resolved with the answer so many of Trabish’s characters ultimately turn to: Oil.
  • Commenting on a recent National Petroleum Council report calling for government subsidies of the fossil fuels industries, a distinguished scholar said, “It appears that the whole report buys these dubious arguments that the consumer of energy is somehow stupid about energy…” Trabish’s great and important accomplishment is that you cannot read his emotionally engaging and informative tall tales and remain that stupid energy consumer. With our world rushing headlong toward Peak Oil and epic climate change, the OIL IN THEIR BLOOD series is a timely service as well as a consummate literary performance.
  • Oil history journal articles by Dr. Trabish: Oil Stories and Histories
  • Review of OIL IN THEIR BLOOD, The Story of Our Addiction by Mark S. Friedman
  • "...ours is a culture of energy illiterates." (Paul Roberts, THE END OF OIL)
  • OIL IN THEIR BLOOD, a superb new historical fiction by Herman K. Trabish, addresses our energy illiteracy by putting the development of our addiction into a story about real people, giving readers a chance to think about how our addiction happened. Trabish's style is fine, straightforward storytelling and he tells his stories through his characters.
  • The book is the answer an oil family's matriarch gives to an interviewer who asks her to pass judgment on the industry. Like history itself, it is easier to tell stories about the oil industry than to judge it. She and Trabish let readers come to their own conclusions.
  • She begins by telling the story of her parents in post-Civil War western Pennsylvania, when oil became big business. This part of the story is like a John Ford western and its characters are classic American melodramatic heroes, heroines and villains.
  • In Part II, the matriarch tells the tragic story of the second generation and reveals how she came to be part of the tales. We see oil become an international commodity, traded on Wall Street and sought from London to Baku to Mesopotamia to Borneo. A baseball subplot compares the growth of the oil business to the growth of baseball, a fascinating reflection of our current president's personal career.
  • There is an unforgettable image near the center of the story: International oil entrepreneurs talk on a Baku street. This is Trabish at his best, portraying good men doing bad and bad men doing good, all laying plans for wealth and power in the muddy, oily alley of a tiny ancient town in the middle of everywhere. Because Part I was about triumphant American heroes, the tragedy here is entirely unexpected, despite Trabish's repeated allusions to other stories (Casey At The Bat, Hamlet) that do not end well.
  • In the final section, World War I looms. Baseball takes a back seat to early auto racing and oil-fueled modernity explodes. Love struggles with lust. A cavalry troop collides with an army truck. Here, Trabish has more than tragedy in mind. His lonely, confused young protagonist moves through the horrible destruction of the Romanian oilfields only to suffer worse and worse horrors, until--unexpectedly--he finds something, something a reviewer cannot reveal. Finally, the question of oil must be settled, so the oil industry comes back into the story in a way that is beyond good and bad, beyond melodrama and tragedy.
  • Along the way, Trabish gives readers a greater awareness of oil and how we became addicted to it. Awareness, Paul Roberts said in THE END OF OIL, "...may be the first tentative step toward building a more sustainable energy economy. Or it may simply mean that when our energy system does begin to fail, and we begin to lose everything that energy once supplied, we won't be so surprised."
  • Oil history journal articles by Dr. Trabish: Oil Stories and Histories

    • About Me

    Name: Herman K. Trabish
    Location: La Crescenta, CA

    *Doctor with my hands *Author of the "OIL IN THEIR BLOOD" series with my head *Student of New Energy with my heart

    View my complete profile

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    CONTACT: herman@newenergynews.net

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      A tip of the NewEnergyNews cap to Phillip Garcia for crucial assistance in the design implementation of this site. Thanks, Phillip.

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    Pay a visit to the HARRY BOYKOFF page at Basketball Reference, sponsored by NewEnergyNews and Oil In Their Blood.

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    • Monday, July 07, 2008

    AT THE CENTER OF THE BOOM IN WIND

    At The Center Of The Boom In Wind
    Herman K. Trabish, July 7, 2008 (Exclusive to NewEnergyNews)


    Wondering what it’s like working in the booming wind energy industry, NewEnergyNews had a talk with Iberdrola’s Krista Gordon June 19th.

    Gordon is a Business Developer and Project Manager in Kansas. Under the extraordinary leadership of Governor Kathleen Sebelius (see Saturday Video: Kansas Fights Back), Kansas is building wind fast and has become a point of focus in the fight against global climate change and the fight to subdue dirty energies like coal with clean New Energy, especially wind (see KANSAS REJECTS EMISSIONS).

    Gordon gave an enthusiastic endorsement of Kansas’ political leaders, saying she is “grateful” for the leadership coming from Governor Kathleen Sebelius and Lieutenant Governor Mark Parkinson.

    She also pointed out an interesting thing about the Kansas wind boom: The state doesn’t have a     Renewable Electricity Standard (RES) yet it is building wind as fast as it can, driven not by mandates but by voluntary goals set by Governor Sebelius. “The Kansas utilities have been very good about meeting the governor’s goals for renewable energy voluntarily,” Gordon said. “And I hope they will continue what they’ve been doing.”

    The implication is powerful: An abundant resource (Kansas wind) and aggressive, inspiring political leadership and a cost competitive New Energy technology add up to big business.

    Gordon makes a point to the Ellis County Planning Commission. (Photo from the Hays Daily - click to enlarge)

    First question: Is this a boom?

    “On average,” Gordon answered, “ I get one or two calls a week from ranchers or economic development people or county officials saying ‘Come out to such-and-such county or to my ranch and build a wind project please…’”

    That's not surprising. The world added more than a quarter of its total installed wind energy in 2007 alone and is nearing 100 gigawatts of total capacity. The U.S. nearly doubled its 2006 growth in 2007 and is likely to do the same again in 2008. Kansas finished 2007 with 364 megawatts of installed wind capacity but is on track to more than double that this year.

    Gordon is currently wrapped up in the development of the 200-megawatt     Hays Wind Project in western Kansas’ Ellis County. She is also overseeing the Conestoga, Saline and Chetolah Crossing Wind Projects.

    The Hays project was proposed in 2003 and has been a source of wide public discussion for the last year and a half.

    Krista spends much of her time and energy interacting with the people who will be living with the Hays project. She finds most of them receptive. She says Kansans tend to be more concerned with keeping their air and water clean than with global climate change and she described most of what she hears as “extremely supportive.” They like the idea of the economic development Iberdrola and wind energy are bringing to western Kansas.

    Gordon delights in seeing others see the elegance she does in the huge pinwheels. To that end, she has put hesitant people into her car and driven them to wind projects. She has even, to win the favor of one community, organized a bus tour of a wind installation. (The community came around and the project was developed.)

    Is there opposition?

    “Way less than a percent of the population,” Gordon said.

    Wind is comin' up all over - Kansas. (click to enlarge)

    With most wind developments, she works with local groups to make sure wildlife habitat is sensitively addressed. And there are always some aesthetic objections. “In places there are cases where you have people who don’t want to look at wind turbines and they’re not thrilled at their new neighbors.”

    The Hays project has been controversial with some locals. “We do have some neighbor-based opposition. Classic NIMBY-ism.”

    Will it stop the project?

    She hesitated. “I hope not…It is ‘I don’t want to look at it” and there’s a little bit of ‘I’m afraid it’s going to lower my property values’ mixed in.”

    Property value is one of the many issues Gordon is more than happy to talk about. There is ample data that wind projects are not detrimental to a property’s value and in fact sometimes tend to increase value.

    “Probably the most compelling information is from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,” Gordon said, referring to     Do Wind Facilities Affect Local Property Values? by Ryan Wiser and Ben Hoen of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

    No harm to property values. (click to enlarge)

    Shown the data, Gordon said, most people come around. Even more convincing is when reluctant adopters stand amid wind turbines. “The most compelling thing is when people go see wind projects and stand in the midst of turbines and they say ‘oh, OK, they’re kind of cool looking, they’re not this monstrosity…’”

    Some resistance always remains. Though less than a percent of the community, it can be vociferous and troublesome and sometimes worse. The Hays project is currently stymied by resistance. There have been criminal incidents of harassment of locals and developers by anonymous angry locals unable to rally political support.

    Gordon, protected by her ferocious terrier, is undaunted. She repeatedly remarked on the highly receptive atmosphere of most western Kansas communities.

    Gordon has been working in the wind business for 5 years. Before that she earned an electrical engineering degree from Wichita State University after 4 years as a Coast Guard cadet. Her first projects were in New England’s Berkshire Mountains and North Dakota and Eritrea. Though only in her late 20s, she has a wide enough experience to see something special is happening.

    What else says "boom" in the wind business?

    “I was acquired twice,” Gordon said, revealing the personal side of the industry-wide consolidation phenomenon.

    Larger companies – many European – are buying up smaller U.S. companies. Distributed Generation, Gordon’s first employer in the wind business, was acquired by Competitive Power Ventures (CPV). CPV was acquired by the multinational energy giant Iberdrola.

    Indicator: 5 years ago, wind was 1% of new power generation. Last year it was 30%. (From the American Wind Energy Association - click to enlarge)

    “[Another] of the signs we’re growing is demand is so much greater for turbines now…” She paused. “And frankly I think the stop and start nature of the PTC feeds directly into that turbine shortage. Personally, I advocate a longer term political regulatory framework.”

    She was referring to the production tax credit (PTC) which has been intermittently available to wind energy installation builders over the last decade. Meant to incentivize the development of emissions-free energy, it allows a tax credit of 2 cents per kilowatt-hour of electricity produced by wind.

    “I don’t know if I can speak for Iberdrola in this but personally I would prefer no PTC rather than a stop and start PTC…”

    When Congresses supportive of New Energy have enacted the PTC for wind producers, development has expanded. When recalcitrant Congresses have refused to extend the PTC, production has fallen off drastically. The result is a series of boom and bust cycles that Gordon believes are even more destructive to the industry than no PTC at all.

    “We’d know exactly what the regulatory structure would be in 5 years whereas today we do not…I think we should get rid of all tax incentives to all forms of power generation – PTC included – but oil and gas and coal and nuclear included, too. Wind would be very competitive.”

    Her point:

    While Congress has stopped and started and stopped and started and is now threatening to again stop the PTC (as well as investment tax credits that incentivize the development of solar energy), the oil, gas, coal and nuclear industries rely on regularly renewed, uninterrupted federal programs in making business plans.

    Congressional Democrats want to pay for the New Energy incentives by shifting funds from incentives for the now-flush fossil fuels industries. Congressional Republicans find it outrageous that anybody would even think of altering the fossil fuel incentives. Yet the Republicans are perfectly willing to let New Energy incentives wax and wane with the political winds.

    What Gordon was saying, though it might sound apocryphal to energy industry traditionalists and New Energy producers alike, was that it would be fine to take EVERYBODY’S incentives off the table and it would be fine to give EVERYBODY reliable long term incentives but it is NOT FINE to give some industries one and other industries the other.

    Wind boomed last year - but if Congress cuts off the PTC, the boom could be stopped cold. (click to enlarge)

    Any other indication of wind’s newer, larger status in the U.S. energy picture?

    “It has become a topic of living room discussion the last couple years,” Gordon said, “that we need to decrease our dependence on foreign fuels and also decrease our dependence on dirty fuels…and convert to something that does not pollute our air and does not consume our water and is not something we have to go and ask other countries to sell to us.”

    What’s next on Gordon’s agenda?

    When the final go-ahead comes for the Hays Project, it will take at least six months to get to the point where the turbines are ready start going up. And that would be “breakneck speed.” A more likely time frame is a year.

    The turbines Gordon’s Iberdrola projects in Kansas will use are likely to be 1.5 to 2.4 megawatt machines manufactured by GE Energy in California, New York or South Carolina. Or by Gamesa in Pennsylvania or Spain. Blades may come from Brazil or Germany. A turbine’s 8,000 parts arrive as part of the tower, blade or nacelle or in another package. When all the pieces arrive at the installation site, erection crews put them together “like great big Legos.”

    Will there be a manufacturing plant in western Kansas?

    “As specific regions get an increase in the number of projects, as they get a critical mass, as we’ve seen in Iowa, as we saw in California, as we’re seeing in Texas, there’s increased interest in locating manufacturing facilities nearby…It’s more economically attractive.”

    Gordon herself is not involved in the assembly process. Her job is getting from the raw land to the installation. A construction management team and/or contractors take over from there. But Gordon, who started as an engineer, sounded just a little nostalgic when she was describing the assembly process. Asked if she ever got the urge to get “hands on” with the installation experience her answer was an enthusiastic “You bet!”

    Artists rendering of what Gordon's Hays project will look like. (click to enlarge)

    All in all, though, she says she’s pretty happy doing what she’s doing now, putting projects together, getting involved in land acquisition, winning the public over, seeing to permitting and a variety of details. “We’ve got a whole bunch of projects in our pipeline. Iberdrola has committed to doing several thousand more megawatts of wind in the United States in the next couple of years so we’re going to see a whole bunch more…It means a lot of travel in Kansas…I’m Kansas…It’s the place where I’ve wanted to work for a long time.”

    In a reversal of Dorothy's "Wizard of Oz" experience, this IS Kansas - and like much of the rest of the world - it is over the rainbow for wind energy.

    WHO
    Krista Gordon, Business Developer and Project Manager, Iberdrola Renewable Energies USA

    WHAT
    Gordon shared her experience of project development in the booming wind energy industry.

    WHEN
    Gordon has been working in the wind industry since 2003. She has been with Iberdrola since 2007.

    WHERE
    Gordon does wind project development in western Kansas.

    WHY
    The wind energy industry is literally developing projects as fast as it can get them approved and building installations as fast as it can get the turbines. Gordon shared with NewEnergyNews details and insights from the Main Street of the booming industry.

    QUOTES
    - Krista Gordon, Business Developer/Project Manager, Iberdrola Renewables North America: “It has become a topic of living room discussion the last couple years that we need to decrease our dependence on foreign fuels and also decrease our dependence on dirty fuels…and convert to something that does not pollute our air and does not consume our water and is not something we have to go and ask other countries to sell to us.”
    - Krista Gordon, Business Developer/Project Manager, Iberdrola Renewables North America, on how best to convince reluctant locals to favor wind developments: “The most compelling thing is when people go see wind projects and stand in the midst of turbines…”

    posted by Herman K. Trabish @ 6:17 AM

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